There are numerous approaches to try to change the behavior of an individual. Whether this approach is to teach a child to talk, to get someone to wear a seatbelt reliably, to get an individual to recycle waste reliably, or to help cure someone of drug addiction, the ultimate goal is to change behavior. ABA is based on the science of behavior, and therefore differs from most other approaches. ABA differs from other approaches in many ways, but a few of the more important aspects are provided below.

(1) ABA is a data-driven discipline. Behavior, goals, and treatments are defined objectively and specifically. This allows reliable data to be collected. Decisions about what treatment to use, and whether or not the treatment actually works, are made by analyzing reliable behavioral data. ABA therefore is a scientific enterprise, and all conclusions must be supported by reliable changes in behavior. Compare this aspect of ABA with other approaches that rarely, if ever, involve extended, direct observation of the individual's behavior and collection of reliable data.

(2) ABA is effective. Over 40 years of research demonstrates that the techniques of applied behavior analysis are effective in creating and sustaining meaningful changes in the behavior of individuals. These techniques have been used to teach new classes of behavior (as in verbal and nonverbal communication, self-help skills, etc.), to reduce or eliminate classes of behavior (problem behavior such as self-injury, aggression, etc.), and to modify existing classes of behavior to better suit the individual's environment. One of the most powerful and meaningful conclusions to be drawn from applied research in behavior analysis is that these techniques are extremely effective across clinical diagnoses, co- morbidities, level of functioning, race, gender, and socioeconomic status.

(3) ABA treatments and strategies are individualized. Each individual's behavior is analyzed and modified according to their specific needs and abilities. There is no treatment or strategy that will work with every person; applied behavior analysts therefore tailor treatment approaches and teaching strategies so that they are effective for that individual. Compare this aspect to most other psychological and pharmacological approaches that have been shown to produce average improvements in a group of people. These approaches are used with many individuals at once, even though it may not have the intended effects on many of the people within the group.

(4) ABA involves the entire family unit. ABA places emphasis on the context in which behavior occurs. It is not enough to simply teach a child to speak; ABA involves parents, teachers, siblings and extended family members whenever possible to create and maintain an environment in which the child will speak on a day-to-day basis. In addition, goals for the child's learning are influenced heavily by the input of family members. This is done to help target classes of behavior that will foster a loving, happy and productive family environment for the child and for all people involved.